在时代论的观点中，千禧年是上帝实现对犹太人特殊应许的时期。时代论认为有两个截然不同的上帝的子民：犹太人和基督的教会（包括信主耶稣的犹太人和外邦人）。在时代论的观点中，上帝应许犹太人将统治一个扩大的巴勒斯坦土地，这将在千禧年内发生。
对于非时代论者而言，他们相信上帝对以色列的土的地应许将在新天新地中对所有基督徒应验。非时代论者认为，上帝只有一个子民，罗马书第11章描述的那棵橄榄树。在这棵树上，一些树枝（那些不信主耶稣的犹太人）已经被砍掉，而另一些树枝（信主耶稣的外邦人）则被接了上去。
Frame, J. M. (2013). Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief (p. 1090). P&R Publishing.
For the dispensational premil, the millennium is a time in which God fulfills promises that he has specifically made to the Jews. In the dispensational view, there are two distinct people of God: the Jews and the church of Christ (which contains both Jews and Gentiles). God has promised that the Jews will rule in an expanded land of Palestine, and that will literally take place in the millennium. Nondispensationalists believe that the promise of land to Israel is fulfilled in the promise to all Christian believers of a new heavens and new earth. For the nondispensationalist, there is only one people of God: that olive tree of Romans 11, from which some branches have been removed (unbelieving Jews) and others (believing Gentiles) have been grafted in.
Frame, J. M. (2013). Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Christian Belief (p. 1090). P&R Publishing.